Machinal And Expressionism - 778 Words

Djordje Janicijevic Sophie Treadwell’s play, Machinal is an expressionistic play written in 1928, depicting a life of young woman who can not adapt with people and environment around her. Expressionism, is an artistic style that originated in Germany at the end of the 19th century in which the artist aims to depict subjective perspective of the character through distortion and exaggeration of reality. Expressionist plays often amplify the inner awakening and suffering of the main character. The expressionist dramas have specificity in: mood atmosphere, setting, plot, structure, characters, dialogue, movement, acting style. In this reading response paper, I will define few specific elements of expressionistic drama that I†¦show more content†¦Interactions among the characters in the first scene seem to be rhythmical, energetic and robotic. With a rapid dialogue and robotic movements of characters, scene gains a dream like state. Regarding plot and structure of the play we can see that the play is disjointed and broken into episodes. We have 9 episodes in machinal. Episodes such as To Business, At Home or Honeymoon and etc . Each of these episodes makes point of it’s own and they are not causally

History of the Wailing or Western Wall

The Wailing Wall, also referred to as the Kotel, the Western Wall or Solomons Wall, and whose lower sections date to about the second century B.C.E., is located in the Old Quarter of East Jerusalem in Israel. Built of thick, corroded limestone, it is about 60 feet (20 meters) high and close to 160 feet (50 meters) long, though most of it is engulfed in other structures.   A Sacred Jewish Site The wall is believed by devout Jews to be the Western Wall of the Second Temple of Jerusalem (destroyed by the Romans in 70 C.E.), the only surviving structure of the Herodian Temple. The temples original location is in dispute, leading some Arabs to dispute the claim that the wall belongs to the temple, arguing instead that it is part of the structure of Al-Aqsa Mosque on the Temple Mount. The structures description as the Wailing Wall derives from its Arabic identification as el-Mabka, or place of weeping, frequently repeated by European — and particularly French — travelers to the Holy Land in the 19th century as le mur des lamentations.  Jewish devotions believe that the divine presence never departs from the Western Wall. The Wailing Wall is one of the great Arab-Israeli struggles. Jews and Arabs dispute who is in control of the wall and who has access to it, and many Muslims maintain that the Wailing Wall has no relation to ancient Judaism at all. Sectarian and ideological claims aside, the Wailing Wall remains a sacred place for Jews and others who often pray — or perhaps  wail — and sometimes slip prayers written on paper through the walls welcoming fissures. In July 2009, Alon Nil launched a free service allowing people around the world to Twitter their prayers, which are then taken in printed form to the Wailing Wall. Israels Annexation of the Wall After the war of 1948 and the Arab capture of the Jewish Quarter in Jerusalem, Jews were generally banned from praying at the Wailing Wall, which was at times defaced by political posters. Israel annexed Arab East Jerusalem immediately after the 1967 Six Day War and claimed ownership of the citys religious sites. Incensed — and fearing that the tunnel the Israelis began digging, starting from the Wailing Wall and under the Temple Mount, shortly after the war was over was designed to undermine the foundations of Al-Aqsa Mosque, Islams third holiest site after the mosques in Mecca and Medina in Saudi Arabia — Palestinians and other Muslims rioted, triggering a clash with Israeli forces that left five Arabs dead and hundreds wounded. In January 2016, the Israeli government  approved the first space where non-Orthodox Jews of both sexes can pray side by side, and the first Reform prayer service of both men and women took place in February 2016 in a section of the wall known as Robinsons Arch.

A Public Administration Quandary Health Care Costs Vs....

A Public Administration Quandary: Health Care Costs vs. Employee Satisfaction An unofficial duty of a public administrator may involve performing an extensive amount of damage control. The public sector can be a highly volatile environment in which unforeseen events such as budget cuts and the dismissal of a well-liked and respected employee can rapidly deteriorate the state of an organization. Moreover, public administrators are often placed in a compromising position. An organization cannot be effectively run by orders being disseminated from the top and workers being treated as lowly inferiors. Thus, public administrators are compelled to interact with their employees on a day-to-day basis in which more intimate manager-staff†¦show more content†¦Overall, Herzberg’s satisfiers and dissatisfiers could be identified throughout the case study, the city should ensure that the anxieties of the workers are taken into account, it may be opportune for alternative job actions to be utilized, and organizational development would be the preferable meth od to promote organizational change. Herzberg’s Satisfiers and Dissatisfiers Discontent employees can be detrimental to the health of an organization. Essentially, displeasure amongst employees can result in a high turnover rate in which time and resources had been ineffectually invested in areas such as training. In addition, claims of an agency’s indifference towards the welfare of its employees can cause severe damage to its reputation. In regards to Herzberg’s theory, the city did succeed in achieving some level of worker satisfaction. Starling (2011) lists one of Herzberg’s satisfiers as the work performed by staff members being personally rewarding. The city workers are depicted as generally content with the nature of their work and the agency they serve. Denhardt and Miller (2000) â€Å"The sense of pride and loyalty among these employees is one of the things that attracted the current city manager to his position† (p. 195). Thus, a lack of worker tenacity does not constitute as a point of weakness for the city. The workers are motivated to advance their independent organizations because of their assigned credence to its

Leadership Context Management Leadership Identities

Question: Consider the role, situation, and the leadership behavior that might be required in the scenarios listed in the table below. Choose 3 of these and write up to 500 words on how leadership might be exercised and what are the contextual factors that are relevant. You must follow normal essay format with cover page, introduction and conclusion plus a reference selection. The topic: A sports coach Manager of an aged care home Prime Minister/ President On a battlefield A prison officer In a sales presentation. Answer: Introduction This essay will help in evaluating the role of the leadership in three different workplace. The essay will also help in understanding, how leadership helps in developing an ability to define a direction that needs to be followed for achieving a goal, have a clearly defined vision, motivation to achieve something and come up with something unique. Leadership involves chalking out a plan of action that needs to be followed to win as a team. Leaders are the ones who use their skills to guide their followers in an effective manner. Firstly, will discuss about Leadership traits in the Aged care homes and possess a vision to bring about a change. Secondly, the proactive nature of the leaders in as sports coach and how to control a situation. Thirdly, leaders as the President have the charisma to influence people. An effective leader shows up during crises and uses his creativity and analytical abilities to handle the crises. The motto of this paragraph is to review the leadership behavior role and situation. Manager of an Aged Care Home Leadership plays an important role in managing an old age home. Leadership plays an important role in the quality of care given to the inmates of an old age home. The quality of care is further related to the quality of staff employed and the work routine at aged care centers. Giuliani Kurson, (2002) argues that age care homes provide housing facility for senior citizens who are very weak or not in a good state of health and cannot stay with their families due to various reasons. Causes they are not in a state to take care of themselves. Thus old age homes provide medical facilities to its inmates, have the provision of nurses to take care of aged people and provision for all the meals, laundry, recreational facilities, etc. Effect -These aged care homes provide a sense of security and a family-like atmosphere to the senior citizens. But managing an aged care home is not easy. The manager should possess strong leadership qualities in order to manage funds, staff, basic amenities, the inflow of household items etc. Tracy,( 2014) stated that the manager of an old age home should exhibit relationship-oriented leadership skills and task-oriented leadership skills. He should be able to make a proper plan for all activities that need to be done. He should prepare a proper to-do list and maintain a record of all the tasks that need to be done, how the tasks have to be done and who is supposed to perform the tasks. After planning the manager has to clarify the role of each and every staff member. Proper work delegation is the responsibility of the manager. Ford, (2010) simplifies that Code of conduct should be made clear to all the staff members while maintaining the quality of services. It is the responsibility to measure the performance of staff members. The manager should lend a supporting hand to his subordinates whenever required and help them develop the required skills. An effective leader appreciate his staff members which result in their exceptional performance. Leadership in old age should be instrumental in resolving conflicts between the staff members or the inmates. There should be proper planning for utilization of financial resources on maintenance of old age home, the salary of staff members, medical facilities, household items of daily use etc. in order to maintain the quality of care. A Sports Coach In todays competitive world, players are under immense pressure to succeed and win matches. Thus, coaches have the responsibility to train the players and help in shaping their career. Coaches are expected to motivate the sportspersons and explore their potential. The coach is expected to formulate a strategy and give a direction to the team. It is very important for a coach to have a good judgment about the ability of the players and treat them with respect. This would help to translate teamwork into victory on the field. The coach has to satisfy the player and also enhance their performance to attain success. Gundling et al., (2011) believes it is his responsibility to bring out the best in the players. He should be highly competitive and should invest all his time and energy to maximize the chances of winning. A coach cannot use the same leadership style for all the players. Many coaches adopt an autocratic leadership style where they exert their authority over the players and do not consider the opinion/ preference of the players. This style works well when players are hostile and lack discipline. Some coaches adopt a democratic leadership style where they try to develop interpersonal relationships between the team members, and they consult the players for their opinions and ideas. The leader should have the ability to organize his team and inspire the players. The coach should provide a direction to the team and instill discipline in all the team members. He needs to win the confidence of the entire team and understand what motivates each and every member of the team. Jones, (2006) states that the coach needs to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the players. He should have the ability to make decisions and guide the players under pressure. The best way to lead sportspersons is to lead by example. For example, if the coach wants the team members to be punctual, he himself needs to be punctual first. He should be a skilled communicator. Leadership in sports coach helps to maintain proper communication between the coach and the team members so that the strategy is made clear to the players. The leader should have in-depth knowledge about the game. He should be familiar with all the skills and tactics required to beat the opponent. He should also be aware of the latest training techniques and changes introduced in the rules and regulations of the game. Hampson Jowett, (2012) believes that the coach should be passionate towards the game and the success of the team. The optimistic leader creates a positive atmosphere in the team. He should make fair decisions under every circumstance. President The president of a country is considered as the head of the parliament. He is the supreme commander of all the armed forces present in the country. He decides how the weapons for warfare should be used. He needs to set an inspiring example for all the natives of the country. It is his responsibility to decide how the laws need to be enforced in the country and has a set of advisors to help him with the execution. It is his concern to uplift the economy of a country. Edwards, (2009) state that the president needs to address the problems of the country like poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, price rise, regional/ religious conflicts, etc. He heads the Cabinet of ministers who handle ministries like foreign affairs, energy, finance, telecommunication, defense etc. He is responsible for shaping the countrys foreign policy. This position requires different leadership styles. Transformational leadership style is quite popularly adopted by various presidents. The president should have a charismatic personality and the ability to attract and draw other people to his side. He should inspire his followers to embrace his vision and evoke a change in his followers. He should be a masterful speaker. He should display his potential to bring about a positive change in domestic as well as foreign affairs. Spaulding, (2008) believes that the president should be instrumental in formulating a cross-cultural approach towards other countries of the world. This would help to strengthen the position of the country in the world economy. A good leader not just takes on great responsibilities but also ensures that he himself, as well as others, own them. Effective leaders take risks and make decisions that have long-term positive repercussions. The president should have a competitive spirit in order to project the nation as a leader in technology, defense, and productivity. Being politically correct cant help a leader in the long run. It is important to be polite and communicate eloquently. But at the same time, the president should be a powerful orator. He should call a spade a spade and express freely. He should advocate ethical behavior. According to Kuronen Virtaharju, (2013) the leader should set aggressive goals and strive to achieve them for the progress of the nation. He should make visits to other countries and interact with world leaders. This would help him win the confidence of foreign investors. The president should function in a systemic manner, even during times of uncertainty. This is because his followers will look up to him for reassurance and they will feel security only if the president is confident. The president should have the ability to convince other people so that they accept and follow his agenda . In addition to this, he should be a keen observer and should be well-versed with all the major developments happening across the world. The convincing abilitity and the keen observation of the president in a great way would help to understand the position of his country in comparison to the other countries of the world. This would act as a motivation to bring about positive changes in his country. Conclusion Experts suggest that there are different leadership styles. In people-oriented leadership style, the leader focuses on team formation and team development. Osborne, (2008) argues that the leader devotes his time and energy on organizing his team and lends full support to his team members whenever required. This fosters creative collaboration. In task-oriented leadership style, the leader focusses on getting the task done on time. He defines the task to be done, prepares a plan, delegates work to the team members and monitors their performance. The best leadership style to be adopted should have a blend of people-oriented leadership style and task-oriented leadership style. Kelly, (2006) says an effective leader should be concerned about the job as well as about his team. One leadership style may work well for the first situation but may not work well for the second situation. Thus an effective leader should be flexible enough to change his approach according to the situation. Transactional and transformational styles are two prominently used leadership styles. In transactional style, the leader motivates his team through rewards and punishments. The team has to achieve pre-defined goals as the focus is on status quo. They establish standardized routines/ procedures and try to maintain normal operational flow by means of planning and execution. In transformational style, the leader challenges and inspires his team members. He is the role model for his team. O'Boyle, (2011.) The leader has a charismatic personality, is willing to take risks and is ambitious. They are proactive and want to bring about changes in the flow of operations by promoting innovation. References Edwards, G. (2009).The strategic president. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Ford, J. (2010). Studying Leadership Critically: A Psychosocial Lens on Leadership Identities.Leadership,6(1), 47-65. Giuliani, R. Kurson, K. (2002).Leadership. New York: Hyperion. Gundling, E., Hogan, T., Cvitkovich, K. (2011).What is global leadership?. Boston, MA: Intercultural Press/Nicholas Brealey Pub. Hampson, R. Jowett, S. (2012). Effects of coach leadership and coach-athlete relationship on collective efficacy.Scand J Med Sci Sports,24(2), 454-460. Jones, R. (2006).The sports coach as educator. London: Routledge. Kelly, S. (2006). Leadership Refrains: Patterns of Leadership.Leadership,2(2), 181-201. Kuronen, T. Virtaharju, J. (2013). The Fishing President: Ritual in constructing leadership mythology.Leadership,11(2), 186-212. O'Boyle, I.Leadership in sport. Osborne, C. (2008).Leadership. London: DK Pub. Spaulding, S. (2008).Team leadership in the game industry. Boston, MA: Course Technology, PTR/CRM. Tracy, B. (2014).Leadership. New York: American Management Association.